Demographics and psychographics

Sex - This is important as women and male both want different needs. Stereotypically women would prefer romance, fun and general happiness whereas the male stereotype is being drunk and dancing with ladies barely clothed. The helps us define the demographic as we can appeal to our target audience.

Age - The different generations make it hard for people to be in the same demographic as the younger generation are new and up to date and the older generation may still be interested in what they were brought up too. This means the older generation have no interest at all in electro or drum and bass and are more into 60’s/70’s/080’s and 90’s music and the young generation are influenced by the charts and most played music.

Social Status – The social status has an impact on music genres as the higher class would prefer to listen to calm, mellow music so stereotypically they would rather listen to classical music as they can afford to buy music and have the status of being able to listen to that type of music. However the lower class would be generally happy with whatever music is played on radio’s, music channels etc.

Marital Status – This has a vast impact as if you’re married or in a relationship you will prefer the happy and positive ‘love’ songs as the lyrics could relate the type of niche market whereas if you are single you’re more likely to listen to all types of loves song but mainly the type of love song where the lyrics relate to ‘finding love’. Additionally if you’re single and had a breakup then the ‘broken heart love songs’ are popular for people in that issue for both men and women.

Occupation and Industry – If you’re in a well-paid occupation stereotypically you will not listen to a many types of genres as they would rather listen to care and relaxing music. Whereas most people with a part time job or still very young would want to be up to date with the music in the charts and from their personality that type of genre.

Children – Children will want to hear cheerful and quite upbeat songs with light lyrics and the demographic is straight forward as they will not listen to any violent, sexual or bad influenced songs.

Income – People with higher paid jobs have the domestic cash to spare and are able to buy music they would be able to afford albums and have all of the artists songs whereas the less paid may buy just the single released to save them money. Therefore is an important demographic as the pricing needs to be spot on and use different methods of pricing

Household Tensure – This is a vital demographic because the disposable income left after all bills have been paid as most people with full time jobs have debts to pay before they think about buying music. Also many people may have children and have to put their needs before using their income to buy music.

Education – Education is a huge influence on school pupils as the people you socialise with has an effect on what genre of music you like.

Catergorising our audience

SOCIAL GRADE SYSTEM
When categorising our audience we wanted to be really specific as to whom we wanted to target.  To make sure that we targeted the right people we began looking at models such as the social grade system.  The social grade system classifies people into groups depending on their occupation, and puts them into a group between A-E.

Below is a table demonstrating the Social Grade System.

GRADE	WHY THEY ARE IN THIS GROUP? (JOB)	PERCENT OF UK
A	Higher managerial, administrative and professional	4 %
B	Intermediate managerial, administrative and professional	22%
C1	Supervisory, clerical and junior management, administration and professional	29%
C2	Skilled manual workers	21%
D	Semi-skilled manual workers	15%
E	State pensioners, casual and lowest grade workers, unemployed with state benefits only	8%

SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUES

The next classification system we looked at was socio-economic values. This helped us look at the different values of people have and how we categorise them into named sections. 

Below is a table demonstrating the Socio-Economic Value system.

CATERGORY	WHY THEY ARE IN THIS CATERGORY?
Survivors	Those that like routine and want security
Social Climbers	Those who have strong materialistic drive and like status symbols
Care Givers	Those who believe in caring and sharing
Explorers	For whom personal growth and influencing social change are important to

Targetting an audience

When targeting an audience, many factors should be considered.  There are many ways to decide who to target, people can be determined into catergories which may help producers choose and name which groups of people they want to aim there media product at. 

There are different ways to to target an audience, and different levels of how many people you target.

In the case of music videos, the factors that should be considered when deciding who to target should be; which part of the Social Grade System they fall into, their Socio-Economic values, their demographics, psychographics and also Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.  All of these factors will be considered when we choose which audience we will target with our music video.

For a product to succeed it must be ‘mutually beneficial’.  This means that the consumer will benefit from the product because they will enjoy it, in this case enjoy the music.  And for the creator, it is beneficial to them, as they will be provided with an income.

Audience size and reaction are often seen as a way of measuring success.  One way of measuring the audience size, is to use a company called BARB (Broadcasters Audience Research Board).

BARB  is an organision that shows the total viewing figures for indiviual programs and also channels every day.  Below is a print screen of the TV viewings of music channel; 4Music, showing their most viewed show to be "Uk Hot Top 40 of 2011 So Far".

It shows us the most popular shows that are viewed also.  This can be useful for television channels to work out how much they can charge for adverts in between programs.  For example, the more views a show gets, the higher it would be to place an advert in.  Popular itv show X-Factor charged a staggering £250, 000 for a 30 second advert in their live final.

• Mass media is when you appeal to the masses.
• Broadcasting is showing over 20 million people.
• Narrowcasting is the opposite to broadcasting, and targets a niche audience.

Targetting an audience must be thought about for a long time due to the amount of different factors involved.  There are many new ways to advertise and reach an audience due to the prolifferation of media technology in the last 10 years.  For example the increase and popularity of facebook and also twitter can be a new way for marketing directors to focus on advertising.

Brief

Texutal analysis of a third music video

Textual analysis of Foundations by Kate Nash

I have chosen to analyse the video of Foundations by Kate Nash, as she is our chosen artist and therefore this will help us to establish what we want to do with our music video and what sort of props, costumes, shots and styles we will use in our video.

Lyrics

When listening to Kate Nash’s single Foundation, the line ‘my fingertips are holding onto the cracks in our foundations’ is repeated throughout.  This is used to represent the breakup of a relationship. Throughout the music video, there are shots used to represent this line, for example in the shot below the male moves his feet in closer to hers and she moves hers away to suggest a distance and split between the couple.

Mise-en-scene

As you can see from the picture above which is the first shot of the whole video, it is a picture of 2 toothbrushes, although this is random, as they are blue and pink they’re representing a boy and a girl. Use of these stereotypical colours uses intertexuality through sex and gender stereotypes to help the audience identify what the song is about.

The mis-en-scene in this shot is bright coloured and happy, I think it represents the relationship that Kate is singing about, in the clip; the male (we expect) leans in and picks one strawberry off. This represents the ‘cracks in our foundations’ she quickly tries to fix the cake but, this is representing the fall down of their relationship through a cake.

Camerawork

This close up is used of the artist to show a closeness to her, it gives the audience a close look at her, which makes a connection to make the audience relate to what she is singing about.

A close up of the couples feet is then shown, I believe this shows the once closeness there once was between them, as during this shot they pull their feet away from each other to become separated, again reflecting back to the mainline of the chorus.

A high angle shot is used here to show Kate’s vulnerability and loneliness, a high angle shot is always used to make the character look weak and show that they are in a vulnerable position. The theme and subject of the song suits the high angle show.

Editing

In terms of editing, different to most pop songs, this music video has alot of long shots, one lasting up to fifteen seconds, this show’s Kate Nash’s variety through her music.  The song is quite emotional and reaches out to the audience therefore the shots are quite focussed on her.  Although this is contrasted by the shots at the beginning which are fast moving and rapidly edited, this shows the difference in tempo and beat of the music.

Voyeurism

There is no use of voyeurism in this video unlike other pop video’s, I think that because this is a music between indie and pop, it doesn’t quite follow the conventions in terms of voyeurism, however the style of music is definitely considered pop despite the lack of this convention.

Image

Although Kate Nash doesn’t follow the conventions of pop in the sense of voyeurism, the music is still of the pop style, however she makes it her own by adding an alternative twist to it, with her own vintage style and fashion sense.  Such as the preppy dresses she wears and the sets of the music video seem quite old fashion and antique. 

Texual analysis of a second music video: DO

Textual Analysis of a music video - Toxic

Textual analysis of a music video – Toxic by Britney Spears

Britney Spears ‘Toxic’

This was Britney’s second single from her fourth studio album. This song became a worldwide hit.

Lyrics

"Toxic"

Baby, can’t you see
I’m calling
A guy like you
Should wear a warning
It’s dangerous
I’m fallin’

There’s no escape
I can’t wait
I need a hit
Baby, give me it
You’re dangerous
I’m lovin’ it

Too high
Can’t come down
Losing my head
Spinning ‘round and ‘round
Do you feel me now

With a taste of your lips
I’m on a ride
You're toxic I'm slipping under
With a taste of a poison paradise
I’m addicted to you
Don’t you know that you’re toxic
And I love what you do
Don’t you know that you’re toxic

It’s getting late
To give you up
I took a sip
From my devil's cup
Slowly
It’s taking over me

Too high
Can’t come down
It’s in the air
And it’s all around
Can you feel me now

With a taste of your lips
I’m on a ride
You're toxic I'm slipping under
With a taste of a poison paradise
I’m addicted to you
Don’t you know that you’re toxic
And I love what you do
Don’t you know that you’re toxic

Don't you know that you're toxic

[x2]
With a taste of your lips
I'm on a ride
You're toxic I'm slipping under
With a taste of a poison paradise
I'm addicted to you
Don't you know that you're toxic

Intoxicate me now
With your lovin' now
I think I'm ready now
I think I'm ready now
Intoxicate me now
With your lovin' now
I think I'm ready now

The lyrics of ‘Toxic’ have sexual meanings and from the video you immediately notice this and it’s a very seductive song. The lyrics show that fact that Britney has grown up and moved from her teenage years to adult and this shows throughout the lyrics from ‘with the taste of your lips’ this is sexual and seductive. Most Britney fans were the same ages and her lyrics relate to her target audience and by Britney moving from her teens into a adult her fans would to by the lyrics relating to her fans it makes them feel closers to her as a artist. Within the lyrics there is some drugs reference which indicates that she is growing up to a older age from ‘i need a hit, baby, give me it’.

Britney has been styled completely new and it brings herself into the adult world. Here Britney is very reavealing in a diamonds and this is proof that she is an adult and able to wear these types of clothes for her age without being judged by the public.

Above is a printscreen on Britney and a male in a toilet again sexual nature towards him which shows the sexual reference used in the lyrics. In the video Britney is dressed very seductive in a blue air-hostess uniform in a short skrit and her underware on show to attract attention from a older target audience and to keep attention throughout the video.

Music

Toxic is in the ‘pop’ genre and differently fits in with the genre as the music has a mixture of fast and slow beats. Most pop songs have a beat to the song then within the song there the beat will drop for the last verse then for the last chorus the beat comes back. This happens in Toxic with the last verse at a slower beat then the final chorus back to the fast upbeat pace. This is an upbeat, high tempo track and throughout the video the editing is rapid and fast which makes the music video intriguing to watch.

Mise-en-scene

During the video Britney’s Hair changes colours three times, she starts the video with blonde hair, then on to second verse she has red hair. The red hair shows a sense of danger and her being on a motorcycles shows she has the power in the video then on the last chorus she has black hair. This also reflects her age and maturity. By doing this and having costume changes throughout the videos keeps the audience not to get bored and attracted to the video

 

Camerawork

The main focus in the music video ‘Toxic’ is Briney. The director has used many shots to show this. During the video there is many close up’s of britney to show her singing the song. There is many long shots of Britney to show her outfits and how she is using her body to get attention from the male, by showing her legs in the air hotess uniform, also in the diamonds where Britney is not clothed. The long shots are also used to show her talent in the video and thats her dancing skills. There are many mid-shots to show the setting and the surrounding area and how Britney is in control.

 
This is a long shot and shows the surrounding area and also a new costume change for Britney.


Editing

All the way through the video the editing is the same throughout, as the song is upbeat and fast the editing styles is very rapid so the viewers dont get bored and by Britney having different costumes throughtout the video the editing keeps the audience watching and each shot is different

 
This shows the setting that Britney is driving through on the motorcycle to give the audience a view.